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J. S. BILLWILLER.

BURNER FOR AOETYLBNE GAS. I No. 602,424, Patented Apr. 19,1898.

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J. S. BILLWILLER.

BURNER PORAGETYLBNE GAS. No. 602,424. Patented Apr. 19,1898.

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NITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

J OHANN SAMUEL BILLWILLER, OF UNTEREGGEN, SWVITZERLAND.

BURNER FOR ACETYLENE GAS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 602,424, dated April 19, 1898.

Application filed January 25,1897. $erial1l'o. 620,678. (No model.) Patentedin Switzerland November 28,1896,N0. 13,268.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHANN SAMUEL BILL- WILLER, a citizen of the Republic of Switzerland, and a resident of Unte'reggen, in the Republic of Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners for Acetylene Gas, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Switzerland, dated November 28, 1896, No. 13,268,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention has relation to gas-burners, and more particularly to acetylene-gas burners.

It is well known that the combustion of acetylene gas results in the formation of acid vapors or gases, particularly gaseous phosphoric acid, due to impurities arising from the manufacture of the gas, which is condensed by heat and settles or is deposited chiefly within and about the burner orifice or orifices and attacks or corrodes the metal and speedily chokes up said orifices, which are as a rule extremely small. The object of my invention is to obviate these difliculties, and this I attain by arranging above the burner a hood or shield that is provided with an aperture or apertures in line with the burner orifice or orifices and of considerably greater cross-sectional area or diameter than said orifice or orifices, the combustion of the gas taking place on the outside of the hood or shield, whereby the burner proper is removed from the zone of combustion and the deposits avoided. In order that good results may be obtained, the hood or shield should be sufficiently close to the burner to admit of the jet or jets of gas issuing therefrom being forced through the corresponding aperture or apertures in the hood by the pressure of the gas supplied to the burner without being broken up or disseminated in any manner, yet the distance between the burner and hood should be sufficient to induce a flow of air along with the jet or jets of gas,which air,fiowing through the aperture or apertures in the hood along with the jet or jets of gas, becomes more or less intimately mixed with the latter, thereby promoting the combustion and increasing the illuminating power. On the other hand, I prefer to construct the burner of a material that is not a good conductor of heat-as, for instance, steatite, (soapstone,) German silver, platinum, or the like-to more effectually prevent the condensation of the phosphoric acid in and about the burner-orifice, and for reasons hereinafter stated I prefer to construct the hood of a material that is a good conductor of heat, such material in the immediate vicinity of the aperture or apertures on the flame side of the hood being preferably protected by a material that is a bad conductor of heat, such as above referred to. The form of the hood, the number of jet-apertures therein, and the relation of such hood to the burner will of course depend upon the construction and arrangement of the latter, and in the drawings forming a part of this application I have shown a number of different examples.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a single-orifice burner combined with a discoidal hood or shield shown in cross-section, Fig. 2 being a plan view of the hood. Figs. 3 and 4 are views similar to Figs. 1 and 2, illustrating a concavo-convex hood. Figs. 5 and '7 are views similar to Fig. 1, and Figs. 6 and 8 are views similar to Fig. 2, illustrating a burner having five jet-orifices combined with a conical hood, Figs. 5 and 6, or a hemispherical shell-hood, Figs. 7 and 8, having a like number of apertures. Figs. 9 and 10 are also views similar to Figs. 1 and 2, illustrating one mode of connecting the hood with the burner. Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view, and Figs. 12 and 12 plan views, of multijet ring burners, each of the jets being protected by a hood or shield, and in said Figs. 11, 12, and 12 I have shown two different modes of supporting the hoods or shields. Fig. 13 is a crosssection, and Fig. 14 a top plan View, of a hood having the metal immediately around its central aperture protected on the flame side by a material that is a poor conductor of heat; and Fig. 15 is a sectional elevation of a twin converging burner.

In Figs. 1 to 9 and Fig. 15, a indicates the burner-tip, which may have one or more jetorifices a and in all of the figures of drawings 1) indicates the protector hood or shield, having one or more j et-apertures b", which in location must coincide with the aperture orapertures in the burner-tipsthat is to say, the aperture or apertures t must lie in the plane or planes of the burner-tip orifices a and for reasons hereinbefore stated must be of greater cross-sectional area or diameter than said burner-orifices. In practice I have obtained excellent results by making the apertures b of a diameter three times as great as that of the burner-orifice.

The form of the hoods or shields b may vary and must necessarily vary accordingly as the burner-tip has one or more orifices d When a single-orifice burner-tip is used, the hood may simply consist of a disk having an aperture t in line with said orifice, Figs. 1 and 2, or it may have the form of a concavoconvex disk, Figs. 3 and 4, or it may have the form of a cone or of a hemispherical shell, Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. IVhen, however, the burner-tip has a plurality of orifices a", then the hood or shield must be constructed accordingly, in order that said hood or shield may be provided with a corresponding number of apertures Z)", in which case either of the forms shown in Fig. 4, 6, and 8 may be used.

Any suitable means may be provided for supporting the hood or shield b from the burner-pipe. Such hood may, for instance, be provided with sockets or sleeves b on its under side and diametrically opposite each other for the bent ends of supporting-arms 0, connected with a ring or sleeve 0, seating on a peripheral shoulder d of the burner-pipe or other support for the burner-tip, Figs. 9 and 10.

I have hereinbefore stated that the hood or shield is preferably made of a material that is a good conductor of heat, so that it may become highly heated by the combustion of acetylene gas above such hood, thereby preheating the air that is drawn under the same and entrained or drawn along by the jet or jets of gas issuing under pressure from the orifice or orifices of the burner-tip a with a view to promoting combustion and enhancing the illuminating power of the gaseous compound. It has also been stated that copper, silver, or another metal that is a good conductor of heat is preferably used in the construction of the hoods b, and in order to protect such metal in the immediate vicinity of the jet aperture or apertures b against the deleterious action of condensed phosphoric acid I preferably surround said apertures with a layer 17 Figs. 13 and 14, of a material that is a bad conductor of heat-as soapstone, German silver, platinum, or the like-as hereinbefore stated.

In multijet ring burners a, which are usually provided with jet-nozzles a the several hoods b may be connected together by segmental bars 12 of which two are secured to a cross-bar b and the latter supported centrally from a standard I), rising from the cross-head of the gas-supply pipe 19, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, or the several hoods may be secured to the arms of a spiderB,supported centrally from a standard rising from the cross-head of the gas-supply pipe, as shown in Fig. 12.

In Fig. 15 I have shown a well-known form of twin burner, the burner-tips converging to cause the jets of gas issuing from the central apertures of the hoods b to intersect each other or collide and spread into a vertical fan-shaped flame, and, as heretofore stated, whenever possible I preferto make the burner tips or nozzles of a material that is a bad conductor of heat, such as hereinbefore referred to, for the purposes stated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a gas-burner, of a hood or shield constructed of a material that is a good conductor of heat, arranged above the burner and provided with one or more apertures in line with and of greater diameter than the corresponding burner orifice or orifices, the material of said hood in the immediate vicinity of said aperture or apertures, being protected on the flame side by a material that is a bad conductor of heat, for the purpose set forth.

2. A burner constructed of a material that is a bad conductor of heat, in combination with a hood or shield constructed of a material that is a good conductor of heat arranged above said burner, and provided with one or more jet-apertures in line with and of greater diameter than the corresponding burner orifice or orifices, for the purpose set forth.

3. A burner constructed of a material that is a bad conductor of heat, in combination with a hood or shield constructed of a material that is a good conductor of heat, arranged above said burner and provided with one or more apertures in line with and of greater diameter than the corresponding burner orifice or orifices, the material of said hood in the immediate vicinity of the aperture or apertures being protected on the flame side by a material that is a bad conductor of heat, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereunto sign my name, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 3d day-of December, 1896.

JOHANN SAMUEL BILLWILLER. 

